Lambert (Pierre-Yves)
- s. xx–xxi
- (agents)
[EN] Châteaubleau : The Gaulish tile with nine lines.Found in July 2017, this tile inscribed with nine lines was reused to pave the bottom of a trough for slaking lime, around 200 AD. The finding spot is close to the Grands Jardins, which provided the eleven-line tile in 1997. But the new inscribed tile has not been kept in its entirety, missing nearly all the left half of the text. The writing of this tile closely resembles that of the 1997 one : SS is used for the affricate. We however noticed a new letter form, seemingly a variant of -t- used only after vowel -i-. We can also distinguish two different scribes, “ scribe Z” and “ scribe tau”, thus named according to the form they use for this variant of -t-. Our interpretation recovers some calques from Latin : logitu, perhaps equivalent to Latin locatos “ let” ; figlitati, an abstract derived from the Latin noun for “ potter”, figulus ; suesanu, probably derived from the ordinal suexos “ sixth”, referring maybe to a fraction of the revenues paid back by the tenant. It is suggested that the text may be either a regulation particular to potters, or a lease contract for installing or running a tilery. This contract begins with a man name (Auedo Canio), and ends with a place name (en Epodore Core), the latter being, together with other important stipulations, written by “ scribe tau”.
[EN] Notes on some Old Breton words in MS Angers 477, f° 36r°.The manuscript of Bede’s scientific writings, Angers, Bibliothèque municipale n° 477, offers the largest body of Old Breton glosses ever found. The Old Breton words on f° 36ro, however, are not exactly glosses : these Old Breton words translate a number of labels placed at the head of several columns containing Roman numerals. This table of numerals gives the age of the moon on the date of the main mobile feasts of the liturgical year. The heavily abbreviated head words of columns are in Latin or Old Irish. Léon Fleuriot correctly interpreted most of the Breton words, but did not understand what the table’s purpose was. We explain this table, which occurs also, more or less developed, in other Irish or Breton manuscripts. K(a) l(ann) guiam “ Winter calends” (meaning, All Hallows) is a mistranslation, the abbreviated sam–-being wrongly understood as standing for Irish Samuin “ First of November”, obviously not a mobile feast, instead of sam-chásc “ Summer-Easter”, the sixth Sunday after Whit Sunday, the date which terminated the Second Lent in the Irish monastic year. In addition, ceplit, the first term of the list, is different from caplit “ Holy Thursday”, and may be explained as a borrowing from Latin capitula “ chapters”, or rather capitulationes “ heads of chapters, of columns”.
[EN] Fragments of an inscribed earthware found in Lezoux (Puy-de-Dôme).The fragments were found in a preventive excavation, in one of the Gallo-Roman areas of Lezoux dedicated to the production of pottery : the area “of Maringues road”. These are five sherds, matching one another into two groups, and belonging to the Dragendorff 37 type. Although found in two different places, they belong to one and the same bowl. The writing resembles that of “Plat de Lezoux” (L-70), which was found in a near-by field. The linguistic analysis shows a recurrence of inflected endings (-in, -tionin). The word abro could be a verb meaning “to give”, indicating then that this text tells of a donation. It would be possible to interpret nededin as the «possession» , and appissu as a cognate of Latin acquiro.
[EN] The Gospel History from Leabhar Breac : About sections 10 to 13.The Leabhar Breac manuscript, dated 1430, is the best witness for a compiled Middle Irish Biblical History, made of a prose version of Saltair na Rann (for the Old Testament) and of a gathering of fourteen tracts (for the New Testament), most of them derived from apocryphal texts, and forming what is now labelled the Gospel History. This contribution proposes an analysis of four of the last five, still unedited, tracts. Number 10 and 13 focus on dated events which are milestones in chronologies : “Jesus’ Baptism” and “Jesus’ First Sermon”. The other tracts deal with the Twelve Apostles (their origin, history and death) and the Seventy-Two Disciples. This study aims at discerning the main sources, and the Hiberno-Latin treatises written on the same subjects. Though relying mainly on apocryphal sources, the compilation maintains several times it has observed a ban : some apocrypha such as the Infancy Gospels (the Pseudo-Thomas Gospel) have been excluded, and the compilator forbids himself to translate the Gospel text. An appendix gives the text of tracts 10 and 11 with a French translation.
Le « Brut » gallois étudié par P.-Y. Lambert, celui du manuscrit Cotton Cleopatra B.V de la British Library (xive siècle) se présente comme un amalgame de traductions existantes, au total un peu moins fidèle au texte de l’Historia regum Britannie que les versions antérieures.
The Welsh Brut examined by P.-Y. Lambert is found in the British Library’s Cotton Cleopatra B.V manuscript (14th century). This version is a hybrid composition based on previous versions of the text. In general, it is a less faithful rendering of the Historia than older ones.
[EN] Gallo-Roman Inscriptions.1. A fibula inscribed with «AVE ADIANTO», from Saint-Germain (Aube) : this inscription on a fibula with the shape of a sole presents the same bilingualism as the formula «AVE VIMPI». Adianto is probably a vocative singular of ad-iantu- «darling». 2. Graffito on a sherd «ANDAMORIX», from La Saulsotte (Aube) : this Personal Name means «the king of Hell» and must have a theonymic origin.
[EN] Inscription on a lead rod found in Reims.The archaeological description of the find informs us that it was found in Reims, boulevard de la Paix, in 2001, behind a Gaulish wall, near dwellings of the Ist century AD. This lead rod has been cast under this form, possibly for the use of metal workers. The two names inscribed on the rod (GNATOS TASGEDO) are equivalent to a trade mark. These two names however probably refer to two different persons, for one has a Gaulish ending and the other, a Latin one.
Le vocabulaire de la magie semble s’enrichir d’un équivalent du lat. defixio ( ? Tascouidus «lettres de pointe» ).
[EN] Pierre-Yves Lambert brings a drawing and a reading of the inscriptions, a paleographic study and a first interpretation of onomastic and grammatical features. There are two lists of Personal Names, the second one begins at the bottom of tablet A and follows up on the top of tablet B. There are a few other Personal Names beside these lists. Their onomastic structure is Latin or Gaulish. The two elements of the onomastic formula are sometimes given in the reverse order, but it is possible that the second element has been supplied later on. We find the use of the word adgarios «accusator» , the same as in Chamalières : but this text supplies also forms of the corresponding verb, adgarie, adgariontas, and with an added element, adogarie.
The magical vocabulary might be enlarged with an equivalent of Lat. defixio ( ? Tasco-uidus «pointed letters»).
[EN] Notes on Old-Breton.
More information about the text glossed with aceruission ; possibly, a compound of garw (acherw) or a loan from Latin acerbus, -ission seems to be a noun with a plural inflection. – 8. Occrou is a variant of Brittonic ochr «angle, point», with a plural ending ; the Hisperic word uechrus might come from a loan of the same word into a Romance language ; – 9. Oith athir seems to refer to the «eight causes» in Galien medical theory.
[EN] The Gaulish text from Rezé.
This new Gaulish text comes from the district of Saint Lupien, in Rezé, dep. Loire-Atlantique. On this Gallo-Roman site, which was anciently on the southern brink of the Loire, the archaeologists conducted by Martial Monteil have found a lead tablet with an inscription on both sides. After a presentation of the archaeological context, Pierre-Yves Lambert delivered a tentative reading and linguistic interpretation ; David Stifter gave some epigraphic and linguistic remarks and suggested in some cases alternative proposals. The two faces bear essentially an account, with one column of cyphers on the right, and on the left a column of words which reveal to be a series of ordinal numbers, different from the series in La Graufesenque : some ordinal seem to be latish creations, as paetrute “ fourth”, some others would be archaisms, such as pixto-“ fifth”. The “ seventh” was probably the object of some taboo, whence the use of a euphemistic periphrasis. A few marginal notes would record buyings or sellings, with two verbal forms prino and rinoti, and a monetary unit dinariIu (from Latin denarius). There still remain a number of uncertainties.
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